• 15 - 40% of species face extinction (one estimate)

• High risk of extinction of Arctic species, e.g. polar bear

• Potential for Greenland ice sheet to start to melt irreversibly, committing world to 7- metre sea-level rise

3 degrees C

• In Southern Europe, serious droughts once every 10 years

• 1 - 4 billion more people suffer water shortages

• Some 150 - 550 additional millions at risk of hunger

• 1 - 3 million more people die from malnutrition

• Onset of Amazon forest collapse

• Rising risk of collapse of West Antarctic ice sheet

• Atlantic Conveyor of warm water

• Rising risk of abrupt changes to the monsoon

4 degrees C

• Agricultural yields decline by 15 - 35 per cent in Africa

• Up to 80 million more people exposed to malaria in Africa

• Loss of around half Arctic tundra

5 degrees C

• Possible disappearance of large glaciers in Himalayas, affecting one quarter of China’s population, many in India

• Continued increase in ocean acidity seriously disrupting marine ecosystems and possibly fish stocks

• Sea level rise threatens small islands, coastal areas such as Florida and major cities such as New York, London, and Tokyo