The threat of sanctions works better than actually following through on the threat. This is the right time for key regional actors to design a solution that could facilitate Mugabe’s exile or retirement, while granting immunity for any acts performed during his rule. Most authoritarian rulers — and some long-serving democratic ones — dread giving up the reins of power because they are afraid of being targeted by the succeeding regime. The international community and Mugabe would be well advised to clinch a deal immediately and carve out a win-win scenario. Otherwise Zimbabwe is doomed to relive its history of land wars, farm invasions, economic turmoil and a return to authoritarian rule.

The writer is a fellow at the Centre for Policy Research, Delhi express@expressindia.com