SOUTH AFRICA: One of the first countries in the world to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, it also became in 2006 the first African nation and the fifth in the world to legalise same-sex marriages. Its equal age of consent is set at 16 years.

INDONESIA: Considered one of the most tolerant among Muslim nations, a homosexual relationship between consenting adults and behind closed doors is not a crime. Same-sex marriages or civil unions are, nevertheless, not recognised by law.

CHINA: Homosexuality was de-criminalised in 1997, with the age of consent fixed at 18 years. But same-sex marriages are still forbidden.

SAUDI ARABIA: Does not recognise the right to privacy nor does it prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation. Homosexuality remains a crime of serious nature, and an indecent act under the Sunni Islamic notion of morality. Acts of homosexuality or cross-dressing can invite heavy punishment, extensive imprisonment along with severe lashing.

MALAYSIA: Homosexuality is a criminal offence, punishable under law, with imprisonment up to 20 years, fine and whippings. Heterosexual sodomy and cross-dressing are also treated as crimes. Politician Anwar Ibrahim, also the country’s former deputy prime minister, has been arrested twice and imprisoned for up to nine years on charges of having sexual relations with his male aides.