Despite their heavy investments in online services, both Yahoo and Microsoft have watched Google extend its dominance over Internet search and the lucrative online advertising business that goes along with it. In recent months, Yahoo has struggled to develop a plan to turn around the company under Yang, its co-founder, who was appointed chief executive amid growing shareholder dissatisfaction last June.

Yahoo investors, however, remain skeptical. The company’s shares have slumped, and the closing price on Thursday was 44 per cent below its 52-week high. In pre-market trading Friday, Yahoo’s shares were up 50 per cent, to almost $29. Microsoft’s shares were down about 4 per cent, and Google’s shares were down 6 per cent.

Microsoft, like Yahoo, has faced an uphill battle against Google. The company invested heavily to build its own search engine and advertising technology. Last year, it spent $6 billion to acquire the online advertising specialist aQuantive. Microsoft’s online services unit has been growing, but remains unprofitable.

Meanwhile, Google’s share of the search market and of the overall online advertising business has continued to grow.

Announcing its quarterly earnings earlier this week, Yahoo said it would cut 1,000 jobs in an effort to re-focus the company and reduce spending, and issued an outlook for 2008 that disappointed investors.

The timing of Microsoft’s bid could allow the company to mount a proxy contest for control of Yahoo’s board should it try to dismiss the offer. Microsoft has discussed the prospect of mounting such a campaign, people close to the company said, and has until March 13 to propose a slate.

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