The reason, perhaps, can be found in the new power order rather than in the non-proliferation system. In the shaping of perceptions, Bush took a call two years ago that in the post-9/11 world, India was uniquely positioned as stable democracy, vibrant economy and plural culture to hold credibility on the world stage. More importantly, 9/11 brought this part of Asia back in focus and Bush was convinced of India’s potential to be a force for stability in this volatile region.

For India, the consequences are diverse. While it will immensely benefit from opening up the atomic energy sector, the fact is that India through this agreement has taken the first step out of nuclear isolation. India will have to adjust to the global non-proliferation order as much as the current order will have to accommodate India. Technology controls, a proactive approach to check proliferation and a strengthening of safeguard regimes will be issues on which India will have to take a stand.

How New Delhi responds to this new challenge and opportunity, with fresh ideas and the ability to translate them into a consensus for action, will to a large extent determine India’s credentials as a global power. In other words, India can no longer get by as a rebel in the non-proliferation order.