In Mandi Gobindgarh, the shallow groundwater is polluted with iron, copper, nickel and lead while fluoride content (about 1.5 mg/litre) has been reported in Bhatinda, Patiala, Faridkot, Mukatsar and Mansa.
The maximum value of fluoride — 22.6 mg/litre — was reported in Kachi Khanauri in Sangrur district. Selenium has been discovered in the groundwater of Nawanshahar and Hoshiarpur.
To improve the quality of groundwater, officials suggest that the administration sets up bacteria-resistant pumps, ensure proper treatment of industrial effluents and ‘over-irrigation’ of crops.