Sign In / Register
Make This My Home Page | Feedback |RSS
You are here: IE »   Story

Last of the Golden Agers

  • Print
  • Mail This Article
  • Comments
  • Add to favorites
  • Bob McNamara was a phenomenon, and a complex one at that. Also, he was a phenomenon of my generation. In the mid-’60s, in College America, he was a hate figure. A former president of Ford — when it was still a real company — he was the epitome of ruthless efficiency as US defence secretary, of saturation and carpet bombing to destroy the “sanctuaries” of the Viet Cong. As the idealism of the Kennedy period gave in to the cynicism of the Johnson era, he was at the centre of protest. That the first sit-in was at Berkeley is a myth of history. It was at College Hall at the University of Pennsylvania; and, as the vice-president of the Foreign Students Association, I was there. So, of course, were many of my teachers. But it was a genteel world. Penn was the Iviest of the Ivies; the Quakers were horrified at the charge that they didn’t defend the leftist India-specialist Daniel Thorner from McCarthy and went to any lengths to prove that Daniel left on his own. And, in the genteel protests in old coffee houses and mahogany-tiled college lounges, McNamara was very much there in spirit.

    Ads by Google

    Of course, my generation would give all of that up and come home. A few years later, I was in the Planning Commission, building the first real plan for food self-reliance on orders from Indira Gandhi, the first one.

    McNamara was now in his second — or third? — role and was visiting India as head of the World Bank. The same no-nonsense efficiency, the same missionary zeal, and the belief in his own infallibility. Now the objective was a little more noble: abolishing poverty. The finance ministry adored him. But when he asked to go to the Planning Commission, things were different. Sukhomoy Chakravarti was in Holland at the time, and so my boss was the one and only P.N. Haksar and he would ask me to join when royalty visited.

    Haksar, a man capable of laying on copious amounts of charm, was conspicuously nasty and aloof on this occasion.

    McNamara was quite clear to us that he thought we Indians wouldn’t be able to solve our food problem and was very critical of the target of 125 million tonnes of grain in 1978-9. He went with the finance ministry, which had officially contradicted the Planning Commission and said that output would be lower. McNamara demanded facts. As a young econometrician, I was aching to give him the PPDS spreadsheet of the agricultural sub-model, but was held at bay. Instead, McNamara was treated to a patented Haksar lecture on how the body juices start flowing when grain goes down the gullet.

    McNamara reportedly went back and told the World Bank Delhi lot that the Planning Commission had no “facts”, a cardinal sin. They rubbished the self-reliance plan in their reports, informally adding that only the “long-haired boys” of the Planning Commission believed India would produce 125 million tonnes of grain in 1978. They were right. India produced only 127 million tonnes in 1978. We have never looked back. I never really understood this streak in Haksar. It wasn’t as if the nastiness was reserved for ideological opponents: a few days later, he was enchanting to Margaret Thatcher, asking me after she left: “Isn’t she a doll?”

    McNamara’s great legacy was to make the fact-based solution to poverty a development theory. I know, thanks to my friend Vivek Bhandari, that in his final phase he was a mellowed man, questioning the wisdom of some of his earlier policies and beliefs. At one level, he was a very understandable phenomenon. He was a product of what Lafeber has called the Golden Age of Capitalism, the dream-like quality of the Kennedy days, the infallibility of the large technocratic organisations, the single-minded pursuit of utilitarian goals. At Penn, in the econometrics seminars, we would lazily take out a pencil from our jeans when some notes were to be taken, for we knew we would have to slog through it at home. But the Wharton boys would come in three-piece suits, full of irrelevant questions. All this would give way in time, of course. That McNamara was willing at the end to question his beliefs suggests that there is perhaps something held in common in the energy in all of us. Hey, I hope I am not getting old...

    The writer, a former Union minister, is chairman, Institute of Rural Management, Anand express@expressindia.com

    A great article for all Indians to readBy: Vinod Sastry | 09-Jul-2009 Reply | Forward Great accounts! Thanks for sharing!! Its interesting to see America through Indian eyes from the 60's. Back then America must have seemed more intense - intensely tyrannical and intensely radical. Now a days it feels as if those days are behind them. I think that maybe the next generation will be more mellow - people we can relate to more...Yet we still have to keep working to improve India, inspite of any opposition or mockery.Its legendary how so many countries thought we wouldn't be able to measure up. Yet, like your Mr. McNamara, they both underestimated us and overestimated themselves.I believe India and Indians can do anything ghtey set their mind to. This is more proof of that.
    Post a Comment
    Name:
    Email:
    Title:
    Maximum characters allowed     
    Comment:
    TERMS OF USE:
    The views, opinions and comments posted are your, and are not endorsed by this website. You shall be solely responsible for the comment posted here. The website reserves the right to delete, reject, or otherwise remove any views, opinions and comments posted or part thereof. You shall ensure that the comment is not inflammatory, abusive, derogatory, defamatory &/or obscene, or contain pornographic matter and/or does not constitute hate mail, or violate privacy of any person (s) or breach confidentiality or otherwise is illegal, immoral or contrary to public policy. Nor should it contain anything infringing copyright &/or intellectual property rights of any person(s).
    I agree to the terms of use.