The Guru was summoned to Delhi and he went there along with three of his close disciples. Having failed to get the Guru to renounce his faith through peace, Aurangzeb’s officials tried violence. They first tortured his associates to death while the Guru watched from an iron cage. First, it was Mati Dass, who after being bound between two pillars, was cut into two. Next came Dayal Dass, who was put in a cauldron of boiling oil. Finally, Sati Dass was covered with cotton and burnt to death. Despite these horrendous deaths, the Guru could not be terrified into submission.

Predictably, he was ordered to be executed. It was on yet another cold morning, 332 years ago, that the executors beheaded the Guru — an act witnessed by thousands. Today, Gurudwara Sis Ganj in Old Delhi stands at the spot where he was beheaded.

This was an epochal event for the Sikhs. The sacrifice of the Guru shook the people into action. The tenth Sikh Guru, Gobind Singh, felt that the community needed to take up arms in order to save the faith. Sikhism became the symbol of resistance and with Tegh Bahadur’s martyrdom acquired a new consciousness of its strength and self-reliance. It is this consciousness that resulted in the creation of the Khalsa, a band of Sikh warriors who fought for over a hundred years, creating history by amazing acts of sacrifice, courage and spirituality.

Sikhs all over the world remember in their ardas — or daily prayers — these martyrs with reverence. We remembered them on Monday as martyrs who sacrificed their lives for the principles and beliefs they held dear. Needless to say, while the Sis Ganj gurudwara is visited by thousands of devotees seeking divine blessings every day, Aurangzeb’s grave remains a deserted spot.