India’s geographic advantages south of the Himalayas. Prachanda’s Beijing sojourn merely confirms the subcontinent’s shifting balance of power in China’s favour. New Delhi cannot counteract Beijing’s attempt at a structural transformation of subcontinental geopolitics by sending protest notes to Kathmandu. India can no longer sustain its primacy in Nepal by merely proclaiming it. Instead the UPA government must respond vigorously to China’s rise and develop an entirely new diplomatic toolkit.