The World Health Organization issued the following guidelines about ways to prevent and fight flu, especially in poor areas where medical facilities may lack staff, beds and drugs:

SOCIAL DISTANCING

* "Social distancing, respiratory etiquette, hand hygiene, and household ventilation, are at present the most feasible measures available to reduce or delay disease (morbidity) caused by pandemic influenza."

* This includes keeping at least an arm's length distance from other people, minimizing public gatherings, and covering coughs and sneezes.

* Once pandemic flu becomes widespread in a community, however, the WHO said that "interventions to isolate patients and quarantine contacts would probably be ineffective, not a good use of limited health resources, and socially disruptive."

* "Routine mask use in public places should be permitted but is not expected to have an impact on disease prevention."

MILD CASES TREATED AT HOME

* "During a pandemic, very high numbers of patients presenting to the health-care facility will necessitate home treatment," the WHO said.

* "In the case of mild illness, patients should be provided with supportive care at home by a designated caregiver and only referred to health care facilities if they deteriorate or develop danger signs."

* Such danger signs may include: weakness or inability to stand, lethargy, unconsciousness, convulsions, very difficult or obstructed breathing or shortness of breath, inability to drink fluids, high fever.

* Treatment at home should entail rest, fluids, medication for fever, and good nutrition, with patients kept separate from other people except one designated caregiver who should wash their hands and household surfaces frequently.

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